Arrange The Following Complexes In Increasing Order Of Conductivity Of Their Solutions:(i) Co(NH₃)₃Cl₃ [Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]Cl(iii) [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃(iv) [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₂(a) (i) < (ii) < (iv) < (iii)(b) (ii) < (i) < (iii) < (iv)(c) (i) < (iii) < (ii)

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Introduction

Conductivity is a measure of the ability of a solution to conduct electricity. In the context of complex ions, conductivity is influenced by the charge and mobility of the ions in solution. In this article, we will explore the factors that affect the conductivity of complex ions and arrange the given complexes in increasing order of conductivity of their solutions.

Factors Affecting Conductivity

The conductivity of a solution is determined by the charge and mobility of the ions present. In the case of complex ions, the charge is determined by the number of ligands and the central metal ion. The mobility of the ions is influenced by their size and shape.

  • Charge: The charge of the complex ion is determined by the number of ligands and the central metal ion. A higher charge results in a higher conductivity.
  • Mobility: The mobility of the ions is influenced by their size and shape. Smaller ions with a higher charge are more mobile and contribute more to the conductivity of the solution.

Complex Ions and Their Conductivity

Let's examine the given complexes and their conductivity:

[Co(NH₃)₃Cl₃]

This complex has a charge of -3 (three chloride ions) and a relatively small size. The three chloride ions are strongly attached to the cobalt ion, resulting in a high charge density. This complex is expected to have a high conductivity due to its high charge and mobility.

[Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]Cl

This complex has a charge of -3 (two chloride ions and one chloride ion from the outer sphere). The four ammonia ligands are relatively large and reduce the charge density of the complex. However, the two chloride ions in the inner sphere contribute to the conductivity. This complex is expected to have a moderate conductivity.

[Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃

This complex has a charge of -3 (three chloride ions) and a relatively large size. The six ammonia ligands reduce the charge density of the complex, resulting in a lower conductivity. However, the three chloride ions in the inner sphere contribute to the conductivity. This complex is expected to have a low conductivity.

[Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₂

This complex has a charge of -3 (one chloride ion and two chloride ions from the outer sphere). The five ammonia ligands reduce the charge density of the complex, resulting in a lower conductivity. However, the one chloride ion in the inner sphere contributes to the conductivity. This complex is expected to have a moderate conductivity.

Arranging the Complexes in Increasing Order of Conductivity

Based on the factors affecting conductivity and the characteristics of each complex, we can arrange the complexes in increasing order of conductivity:

  • [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃: This complex has the lowest conductivity due to its large size and low charge density.
  • [Co(NH₃)₅Cl]Cl₂: This complex has a moderate conductivity due to its moderate size and charge density.
  • [Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]Cl: This complex has a moderate conductivity due to its moderate size and charge density.
  • [Co(NH₃₃Cl₃]: This complex has the highest conductivity due to its small size and high charge density.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

(a) (i) < (ii) < (iv) < (iii)

Conclusion

Q1: What is the main factor that affects the conductivity of complex ions in solution?

A1: The main factor that affects the conductivity of complex ions in solution is the charge and mobility of the ions. A higher charge and higher mobility result in a higher conductivity.

Q2: How does the size of the complex ion affect its conductivity?

A2: A smaller complex ion with a higher charge density has a higher conductivity. This is because smaller ions are more mobile and can move more easily in the solution.

Q3: What is the role of ligands in determining the conductivity of complex ions?

A3: Ligands play a crucial role in determining the conductivity of complex ions. The number and type of ligands can affect the charge density and mobility of the complex ion, which in turn affects its conductivity.

Q4: How does the charge of the complex ion affect its conductivity?

A4: A higher charge on the complex ion results in a higher conductivity. This is because a higher charge means that the complex ion has a greater tendency to move in the solution and carry electrical charge.

Q5: Can you give an example of a complex ion with high conductivity?

A5: Yes, an example of a complex ion with high conductivity is [Co(NH₃)₃Cl₃]. This complex has a high charge density and is relatively small, resulting in a high conductivity.

Q6: Can you give an example of a complex ion with low conductivity?

A6: Yes, an example of a complex ion with low conductivity is [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃. This complex has a low charge density and is relatively large, resulting in a low conductivity.

Q7: How does the temperature affect the conductivity of complex ions in solution?

A7: The temperature can affect the conductivity of complex ions in solution. Generally, an increase in temperature results in an increase in conductivity, as the ions become more mobile and can move more easily in the solution.

Q8: Can you explain the concept of ion mobility and its relation to conductivity?

A8: Ion mobility refers to the ability of an ion to move in a solution. A higher ion mobility results in a higher conductivity, as the ions can move more easily and carry electrical charge.

Q9: How does the concentration of the complex ion affect its conductivity?

A9: The concentration of the complex ion can affect its conductivity. Generally, an increase in concentration results in an increase in conductivity, as there are more ions available to carry electrical charge.

Q10: Can you summarize the key points about the conductivity of complex ions in solution?

A10: The key points about the conductivity of complex ions in solution are:

  • The charge and mobility of the ions are the main factors that affect conductivity.
  • A higher charge and higher mobility result in a higher conductivity.
  • The size of the complex ion affects its conductivity, with smaller ions having higher conductivity.
  • Ligands a crucial role in determining the conductivity of complex ions.
  • Temperature and concentration can also affect the conductivity of complex ions in solution.